What action should be taken to correct overdistention of the lung demonstrated in the volume-pressure loop?

To address the overdistention of the lung as indicated by the volume-pressure loop, reducing the tidal volume or the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is the most appropriate action. Overdistention often results in ventilator-induced lung injury, where excessive volumes of air create high pressures and can damage the alveoli. By decreasing the tidal volume, you're effectively lowering the amount of air delivered to the lungs, which helps to prevent further overdistention and promotes safer ventilation.

Additionally, reducing PIP can mitigate the pressure exerted on the lung tissues during ventilation, decreasing the risk of barotrauma and improving overall lung compliance. This approach helps protect lung function while maintaining adequate ventilation and oxygenation, thus addressing the primary issue of overdistention in a mechanically ventilated patient.

Adjusting the inspiratory time or increasing inspiratory pressure are not recommended interventions in this scenario, as they could further exacerbate the issue by increasing volumes and pressures in the lungs.