What is the normal respiratory rate (f) in breaths per minute?

The normal respiratory rate for a healthy adult is typically between 12 to 20 breaths per minute. This range is established based on physiological data indicating the average requirements of adequately exchanging gases in the lungs for a resting individual. A respiratory rate within this range suggests that the individual is neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating, both of which could lead to respiratory complications and alterations in acid-base balance.

Rates below 12 breaths per minute may indicate bradypnea, which can occur in various health conditions or as a side effect of medications. Rates above 20 breaths per minute may indicate tachypnea, possibly representing physiological responses to various factors such as exercise, anxiety, or respiratory distress. Understanding the normal range is critical for assessing respiratory function and deciding on interventions when deviations are present.