Kettering Mechanical Ventilation Practice Test

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• What can be said about the initial settings for a patient receiving NPPV?
• What is the formula for static compliance?
• In the context of mechanical ventilation, what does PIP stand for?
• What setting in HFOV primarily controls the values for PaCO2?
• What is an initial tidal volume recommendation for patients with ARDS?
• If you want to normalize a low PaCO2, what should be done?
• Which type of breath allows the patient to control all variables of each breath?
• In assist/control mode (A/C), what does the ventilator provide?
• What is another name for auto PEEP?
• Which condition would likely require immediate switching of ventilator modes?
• What defines mean airway pressure?
• How should PEEP be set for an infant currently on CPAP?
• In pressure control settings, how are breaths delivered?
• What is the normal static compliance (Cst) in mL/cm H2O?
• What might trigger a high pressure alarm during mechanical ventilation?
• Which control mode can SIMV utilize?
• How are loop graphics characterized?
• What can cause a patient disconnect in mechanical ventilation?
• In NPPV settings, what does the abbreviation EPAP stand for?
• Which of the following best represents a parameter monitored during mechanical ventilation?
• What is necessary for High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) to be effective?
• Which flow pattern results in a higher peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)?
• What is the typical range for IPAP settings in Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV)?
• What is the purpose of a recruitment maneuver?
• HFOV typically oscillates gas at what frequency range?
• What is a cycling variable?
• At what tidal volume is the patient likely adequately ventilated?
• What is the purpose of measuring pressure support values above baseline pressure?
• What is the formula for calculating minute ventilation (VE)?
• What visual indication on a flow volume loop graphic suggests the presence of water in the ventilator circuit?
• What does scalar graphics typically represent?
• What is the acceptable pH range for arterial blood?
• Under which circumstance should ventilator circuits be changed regularly?
• What should be maintained at less than 30 cmH2O in ARDS patients?
• What percentage is considered the acceptable deadspace (Vd/Vt)?
• When should a therapist consider placing a patient in the prone position?
• How many mandatory breaths does Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) provide?
• What is the initial setting for PEEP for an infant with no prior information?
• What causes auto-PEEP in patients?
• Which of the following is an indication for High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV)?
• What should be set prior to ventilation for an infant currently on oxygen?
• What is the normal respiratory rate (f) in breaths per minute?
• What is the most common recruitment maneuver?
• What is the acceptable range for PCO2 levels in arterial blood?
• Which flow pattern is typically used for a volume control breath?
• What is a limit variable in positive pressure ventilation?
• The flow variable's accuracy is verified by which instrument?
• Which of the following is a potential cause of a pressure overload in a ventilator system?
• During ventilator support, which measurement indicates the volume of air exhaled?
• What is the acceptable spontaneous tidal volume (VT) in mL/kg?
• What is the recommended adjustment to ventilation strategy in response to decreased compliance?
• What is considered a normal pH level for arterial blood?
• What is the normal maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) in cmH2O?
• When might an assessment for weaning from mechanical ventilation occur?
• What defines a mandatory breath?
• Which of the following best describes required adjustments during volume-pressure analysis?
• In which situation does patient ventilator asynchrony typically occur?
• Which specific type of monitoring is included in the mechanical ventilation assessment?
• Which of the following is a cause of bronchospasm?
• In which situation might a respiratory therapist recommend using a sedative?
• What parameter is set by the therapist in pressure control (PC) ventilation?
• What allows the patient to breathe spontaneously in SIMV?
• What is the recommended tidal volume in mL/kg for patients with severe asthma?
• What is the function of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in spontaneous breathing?
• What does the cycle variable determine in positive pressure ventilation?
• What calculation helps determine alveolar minute ventilation?
• What is a primary benefit of monitoring airway graphics in mechanically ventilated patients?
• How is the pressure variable in a ventilator checked for accuracy?
• In NPPV, what does the abbreviation IPAP stand for?
• What are deadspace ventilation (VD) characteristics during mechanical ventilation?
• Which of the following is NOT a consideration when setting IPAP and EPAP?
• How can the presence of asynchrony or dyssynchrony be detected?
• To normalize a high PaCO2, which action is appropriate?
• When attempting to decrease a high PaO2, what should be done first?
• What is the normal maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) in cm H2O?
• What is the focus of phase 1 in mechanical ventilation?
• What is the primary effect of using an analgesic agent?
• When a patient is currently on CPAP, how should the initial setting for PEEP be adjusted?
• What is the recommended EPAP setting range in Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV)?
• What defines assisted breath in mechanical ventilation?
• What setting in HFOV affects the values for primary control of PaO2?
• What is indicated by a flat top in the volume-pressure graphic when adjusting the PIP and/or VT?
• What defines a spontaneous breath?
• Which of the following is a type of spontaneous breathing option?
• In the context of NPPV, what is PEEP typically understood to represent?
• What is the first step in increasing a low PaO2?
• Which of the following is NOT a primary mode of ventilation?
• What solution is suggested when assessing dynamic compliance issues?
• What is a common contraindication for the use of NPPV?
• A frequency of 6 Hz corresponds to how many breaths per minute?
• What characterizes a square wave in ventilatory patterns?
• What indicates patient-ventilator asynchrony on airway graphics?
• Which action is part of phase 3 of mechanical ventilation?
• What is considered an acceptable A - a DO2 (21% O2) in torr?
• Which of the following is not a commonly used sedative?
• What characteristic is typical of assist/control mode during mechanical ventilation?
• How long should it generally take to see a positive response to prone positioning?
• What control has the most significant influence on mean airway pressure?
• What is primarily adjusted in HFOV to obtain optimal oxygenation?
• How does inspiratory decelerating flow affect peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)?
• Which three breath types are available with positive pressure ventilation?
• What is a potential negative outcome of adjusting the PEEP level incorrectly?
• What is the acceptable vital capacity (VC) in mL/kg?
• What is a potential cause of increased airway resistance?
• What is the recommended adjustment to correct trigger asynchrony in mechanical ventilation?
• Which of the following is NOT a secondary mode of mechanical ventilation?
• What is the initial setting for FIO2 for an infant on room air?
• What is the acceptable maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) in cm H2O?
• What is the recommended initial setting for the respiratory rate (f) for infants?
• During HFOV, low tidal volumes can lead to:
• What is an important aspect of the limit variable concerning inspiration?
• What is the ideal body weight for a woman who is 5'2'' tall?
• What is considered an acceptable minute ventilation (VE) in L/min?
• When should you critically evaluate the structure of a ventilator circuit?
• What is an inflection graphic used to identify?
• The volume variable in mechanical ventilation is verified for accuracy using what device?
• Which sign indicates impending ventilator failure?
• What is one common cause of decreased lung compliance?
• What is one effect of using analgesics during mechanical ventilation?
• What value is accepted as the acceptable maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) in cmH2O?
• What best describes apnea?
• What is the expected mean airway pressure for patients with ARDS?
• What is the characteristic of spontaneous breathing in mechanical ventilation?
• What typical mean airway pressure values are seen in patients with obstructive disease?
• Assist/control mode can be used with which type of control?
• What indicates a "beak" in the volume-pressure loops concerning lung condition?
• What adjustment can the respiratory therapist make to lower mean airway pressure when using a constant flow pattern?
• What is considered an acceptable range for PO2?
• Which formula is used to calculate ideal body weight (IBW)?
• Among the agents listed, which one is used to treat high anxiety levels?
• What is the normal vital capacity (VC) range in mL/kg?
• What is the normal PCO2 level in arterial blood?
• What change in Work of Breathing (WOB) would you expect in a patient with pulmonary disease?
• What is a common physical reason for asynchrony related to the patient's efforts?
• What best describes active exhalation?
• Which of the following is a commonly used anesthetic agent?
• During weaning procedures in phase 3, which is a crucial step?
• The frequency range defined for HFOV is crucial for managing what physiological parameter?
• What can be a symptom of a malfunctioning ventilator circuit?
• What is the equivalent of 1 Hz in cycles per minute?
• What can cause an increase in Work of Breathing (WOB)?
• Which patient condition is most likely to benefit from NPPV with the given initial settings?
• What parameter indicates the amount of air leaving the lungs during spontaneous breathing?
• How does increasing the EPAP setting affect the patient's breathing in NPPV?
• What is the primary function of anesthetics in patient care?
• What is the normal range for PO2 levels in mmHg?
• Which three key parameters of ventilation are typically measured with waveform graphics?
• What is the normal minute ventilation (VE) in L/min?
• What is considered an acceptable respiratory rate (f) in breaths per minute?
• What is the initial setting for tidal volume (VT) for infants?
• What is the initial setting range for PEEP in cmH2O?
• Which method is recommended to correct flow asynchrony during mechanical ventilation?
• When should a recruitment maneuver be considered again?
• What is the principal behind pressure support ventilation?
• What is the normal A - a DO2 (21% O2) in torr?
• What is a key activity involved in phase 2 of mechanical ventilation?
• What is the first recommendation to address secretions or water accumulation in the ventilator circuit?
• Where in the respiratory cycle does the lower inflection point typically occur?
• How is the initial amount of pressure support calculated for a patient?
• Which of the following can contribute to missed ventilator triggers in a patient?
• What is the correct interpretation of an inspiratory flow rate?
• When starting NPPV, how should the settings initially be approached?
• What is a common cause of a low exhaled volume alarm?
• What is the range of typical mean airway pressure values for someone with normal compliance and resistance?
• What is a trigger variable in the context of positive pressure mechanical ventilation?
• Which of the following can cause a low pressure alarm in a mechanical ventilator?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of a standard ventilator circuit?
• What is a common reason for using sedatives in mechanically ventilated patients?
• In HFOV, the term amplitude refers to which of the following?
• What is a key consideration when using PEEP levels above 5 cmH2O?
• Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of airway graphics?
• What is the main benefit of using pressure support during spontaneous breathing?
• What is the formula for dynamic compliance?
• How is the work of breathing (WOB) calculated?
• Which environmental factor can contribute to trigger asynchrony in a patient?
• What does using a neuromuscular blocker primarily aim to achieve during ventilation?
• How does the ventilator adjust as a patient improves under volume support ventilation?
• If proning results in hemodynamic compromise or worsening ABG, what action should the therapist take?
• Which of the following is NOT a common analgesic agent?
• What is the effect of high peak flow on mean airway pressure?
• What is the primary purpose of adjusting the IPAP setting in NPPV?
• What is the effect of using midazolam in patient care?
• To optimize NPPV therapy, what should be monitored alongside IPAP and EPAP settings?
• What is characteristic of a decelerating wave?
• Increasing airways resistance can be detected when the PIP and plateau pressure behave how?
• What is the role of recruitment maneuvers regarding prone positioning?
• What range of EPAP levels may support the recruitment of collapsed alveoli?
• In pressure support ventilation, who determines the respiratory rate, inspiratory time, and inspiratory flow rate?
• What action should be taken to correct overdistention of the lung demonstrated in the volume-pressure loop?
• What is a recommended intervention to correct auto-PEEP?
• What clinical observation signifies respiratory distress requiring intervention?
• For what range is a vital capacity of less than 10 mL/kg an indicator?
• What changes in SpO2 and/or PaO2 occur during a recruitment maneuver?
• What are the four primary variables used during positive pressure mechanical ventilation?
• What is the clinical significance of a maximum inspiratory pressure below 20 cm H2O?
• What is the normal spontaneous tidal volume (VT) in mL/kg?
• What is the outcome of administering neuromuscular blocking agents?
• What is the recommended action when adjusting the PEEP level?
• Which parameter is NOT typically displayed in waveform graphics for ventilation?
• What effect results from using a longer inspiratory time with a decelerating flow pattern?
• What does permissive hypercapnia refer to in mechanical ventilation?
• Which one of the following is a commonly used neuromuscular blocking agent?
• Which respiratory rate range is generally accepted as adequate for adults?
• Which vital sign is NOT included in the assessment during mechanical ventilation?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of cycling variable available with positive pressure ventilation?
• Which of the following factors can lead to increased work of breathing?
• At what airway pressure does the lower inflection point occur?
• Which parameter in HFOV serves as the secondary control for PaCO2?
• What triggers assisted breaths in assist/control mode?
• What is the nature of minute volume provided by SIMV?
• In phase 2 of mechanical ventilation, what may be required in addition to monitoring?
• What does a pressure-volume loop help to illustrate?
• What occurs to the compliance curve on adjusting the PEEP level?
• What does the patient achieve during unassisted breathing in SIMV?
• What could be a cause of trigger asynchrony related to ventilator settings?
• How does SIMV differ from assist/control mode?
• Which of the following directly affects mean airway pressure?
• What is an expected outcome when the IPAP setting is optimized for a patient in NPPV?
• What is the purpose of oxygenation in mechanical ventilation?
• What are therapists aiming to do during episodes of patient ventilator asynchrony?
• What can cause trigger asynchrony related to the ventilator circuit integrity?
• What is the acceptable value for static compliance (Cst) in mL/cm H2O?
• What is the normal deadspace (Vd/Vt) percentage?
• How should a therapist estimate a patient's anatomic deadspace?
• What adjustment should be made if a patient is consistently missing triggers in a ventilator?
• What is the normal value for Work of Breathing (WOB)?
• What describes a sine wave in terms of ventilatory flow patterns?
• Mean airway pressure primarily affects which respiratory function?
• Which condition is NOT characteristic of adequate ventilation?
• What characterizes acute ventilator failure?
• The standard tidal volumes used in HFOV are generally between:
• How can the therapist minimize spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation?
• What does a CBC, in the context of mechanical ventilation, primarily assess?
• What is usually the end result of patient ventilator asynchrony?
• Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to decreased lung compliance?
• For a man who is 6'1" tall, what is his ideal body weight?
• Which parameter is set by the therapist in volume control (VC) ventilation?
• What are the two types of inspiratory flow patterns in mechanical ventilation?
• Which statement best describes a limit variable's function in mechanical ventilation?